BRN Discussion Ongoing

Way too long for me

 
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Frangipani

Top 20
Hi @Stable Genius,

yes, this OHB Hellas project is indeed using Akida.

I did a bit of research on their GIASAAS concept website last October:

https://thestockexchange.com.au/threads/brn-discussion-ongoing.1/post-438109

View attachment 83443


The LinkedIn posts you shared earlier today suggest that OHB Hellas has meanwhile had a 3D-printed mock satellite built with Akida inside:

View attachment 83444



I went to check their website (https://giasaas.eu/) again to see whether Akida would still show up as UAV1 or as a SAT payload now, but this is all I got:

View attachment 83445


So I guess we’ll have to wait for another week to find out more.

OHB Hellas are not only exploring Akida for their ‘Satellite as a Service’ concept (GIASAAS) 👆🏻, but also as a consortium partner for an ESA project called

BOLERO (On-Board Continual Learning for SatCom Systems).

Prime contractor of the BOLERO project is KPLabs - both OHB Hellas and Eutelsat OneWeb are subcontractors.

C779DB8D-2004-4495-AEFE-E336B2279AC5.jpeg




BOLERO On-Board Continual Learning For SatCom Systems​

bolero.jpg

Objectives
The project identifies, explores, and implements onboard continual machine learning techniques to enhance reliability and data throughput of communication satellites.

The first objective is to identify 3 most promising use cases and applications of continual learning (CL), together with at least two most promising hardware platforms.

The second objective is to implement different CL techniques in the selected scenarios and assess their performance and feasibility for onboard deployment using the selected hardware platforms
. The assessment includes the analysis of advantages and trade-offs of CL in comparison to traditional offline machine learning approaches, and the comparative analysis of hardware platforms for CL.

The final goal of the project is to identify a state-of-the-art, potential gaps, and future roadmap for CL in satellite communication systems.

Challenges
The main challenge is related to the limited resources and limited support for continual machine learning mechanisms in existing onboard processing units, e.g., not all operations and layers are supported and model parameters cannot be updated without hardware-specific recompilation. Therefore, common CL approaches are not straightforward to implement on board. Additionally, CL techniques come with the stability-plasticity trade-offs and the need of continuous validation and monitoring.

Benefits
The project offers a complete software and hardware pipeline to implement 3 different continual machine learning approaches (i.e., class-incremental, domain-incremental, and task-incremental) in 3 different application for communication satellites. The comparative analysis helps to identify which approach and hardware platform is best suited for different CL scenarios. The project establishes the foundation for future development of CL in SatCom systems.

Features
  • Structured and informed report from selecting 3 most promising applications of CL in communication satellites and 2 hardware platforms
  • Code for running a complete onboard CL process for both hardware platforms
  • Report containing technology gaps and future roadmap for CL in SatCom systems

System Architecture
The 3 CL applications identified in the project are implemented for two hardware platforms of very different architectures (KP Labs Leopard DPU and BrainChip Akida neuromorphic computer). For each application and platform, there is a complete CL pipeline architecture proposed from data preprocessing to onboard continual learning.

Current status
The 3 most promising applications of continual machine learning in communication satellites have been identified, i.e., domain-incremental beam hopping optimization, task-incremental inter-satellite links routing, and class-incremental telemetry anomaly classification.

For each application, a state-of-the-art CL approach has been implemented for two diverse hardware platforms identified as the most promising ones for CL (KP Labs Leopar
d DPU and BrainChip Akida neuromorphic computer). The performance of each CL approach has been assessed and main technology gaps have been identified.

documentation​

Documentation may be requested

Prime Contractor​


KP Labs Sp. z o. o.

Poland
https://kplabs.space

Subcontractors​


OHB HELLAS

Greece
Website

Eutelsat OneWeb (OW)

United Kingdom
https://oneweb.net/

Last update
2025-05-03 12:39






PROJECT
4 min read

BOLERO: On-Board Continual Learning for SatCom Systems​

671a26c9c1e140d22e18bc6c_Bolero-4-1280x480.jpg

Published on
January 28, 2025

In an era of exponentially increasing data generation across all domains, satellite communications (SatCom) systems are no exception. The innovative BOLERO project, led by KP Labs, and supported by a consortium including OHB Hellas and Eutelsat OneWeb, is at the forefront of this technological evolution. This project is making significant strides in applying both classic and deep machine learning (ML and DL) techniques within the dynamic realm of satellite data, marking a transformative step in SatCom technology.

Understanding the Need for Continual Learning in SatCom​

Traditionally, satellite applications have relied on supervised ML algorithms trained offline, with all training data prepared before the training process begins. This method is effective in stable data scenarios. For example, a deep learning model can accurately identify brain tumor lesions from magnetic resonance images after being trained on a diverse dataset. However, the dynamic space environment presents unique challenges. Factors such as thermal noise, atmospheric conditions, and on-board noise can significantly alter data characteristics, causing these offline-trained models to struggle or fail when encounteringnew, unfamiliar data distributions.

The BOLERO Approach​

BOLERO addresses these challenges by adopting an online training paradigm. The training process is shifted directly to the target environment, such as an edge device on a satellite. This innovative approach bypasses the need for downlinking large amounts of data for Earth-based retraining, overcoming bandwidth and time limitations. Training models in their deployment environment accelerate the training-to-deployment cycle and significantly improve model reliability under dynamic conditions.

Tackling New Challenges​

Implementing continual learning brings its own challenges, including catastrophic forgetting, where models may lose previously acquired knowledge. Additionally, the stability-plasticity dilemma must be addressed to ensure models are adaptable and capable of retaining learned information. BOLERO tackles these issues through strategies such as task-incremental learning, allowing models to adapt to new tasks, and domain-incremental learning, enabling them to handle data with evolving distributions.

675ad5f84ea8fcd9e26cf449_675ad5ef1c1b27f038818ca9_bolero-2-1.jpeg

The Consortium’s Collaborative Dynamics in BOLERO


The BOLERO project is propelled by the synergistic efforts of its consortium members. As the project leader, KP Labs is primarily responsible for developing the Synthetic Data Generators (SDGs) and the continual learning models, ensuring their efficacy across multiple SatCom applications and hardware architectures. OHB Hellas contributes by exploring novel machine learning methodologies suitable for streaming data, assessing continual learning applications in and beyond the space sector, and implementing two use cases in different hardware modalities. Eutelsat OneWeb focuses on identifying strategic space-based applications for continual learning, evaluating their business impact, and analyzing the benefits of continual learning models, particularly in terms of performance and cost-efficiency. Together, these entities combine their unique strengths to advance the BOLERO project, addressing the evolving demands of SatCom systems.

Real-World Applications and Future Impact​

The applications of BOLERO are diverse, ranging from monitoring the operational capabilities of space devices to gas-level sensing and object detection in satellite imagery. These applications highlight the potential of continual learning to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of SatCom systems, potentially revolutionizing the management and processing of satellite data for more responsive, agile, and efficient operations.

The BOLERO project, led by KP Labs and supported by a consortium including OHB Hellas and Eutelsat OneWeb, represents a groundbreaking step in harnessing the full potential of continual learning for SatCom systems. By confronting the unique challenges associated with satellite data and leveraging the latest in ML technology, BOLERO is poised to significantly improve the adaptability and efficiency of SatCom systems, setting a new standard in the field of satellite communications.


The other promising hardware platform being tested is KPLabs’ own Leopard DPU: https://www.kplabs.space/solutions/hardware/leopard

D9ABA047-06AC-4D1F-98E8-6E867DA60372.jpeg
 
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Frangipani

Top 20
OHB Hellas are not only exploring Akida for their ‘Satellite as a Service’ concept (GIASAAS) 👆🏻, but also as a consortium partner for an ESA project called

BOLERO (On-Board Continual Learning for SatCom Systems).

Prime contractor of the BOLERO project is KPLabs - both OHB Hellas and Eutelsat OneWeb are subcontractors.

View attachment 83668



BOLERO On-Board Continual Learning For SatCom Systems​

bolero.jpg

Objectives
The project identifies, explores, and implements onboard continual machine learning techniques to enhance reliability and data throughput of communication satellites.

The first objective is to identify 3 most promising use cases and applications of continual learning (CL), together with at least two most promising hardware platforms.

The second objective is to implement different CL techniques in the selected scenarios and assess their performance and feasibility for onboard deployment using the selected hardware platforms
. The assessment includes the analysis of advantages and trade-offs of CL in comparison to traditional offline machine learning approaches, and the comparative analysis of hardware platforms for CL.

The final goal of the project is to identify a state-of-the-art, potential gaps, and future roadmap for CL in satellite communication systems.

Challenges
The main challenge is related to the limited resources and limited support for continual machine learning mechanisms in existing onboard processing units, e.g., not all operations and layers are supported and model parameters cannot be updated without hardware-specific recompilation. Therefore, common CL approaches are not straightforward to implement on board. Additionally, CL techniques come with the stability-plasticity trade-offs and the need of continuous validation and monitoring.

Benefits
The project offers a complete software and hardware pipeline to implement 3 different continual machine learning approaches (i.e., class-incremental, domain-incremental, and task-incremental) in 3 different application for communication satellites. The comparative analysis helps to identify which approach and hardware platform is best suited for different CL scenarios. The project establishes the foundation for future development of CL in SatCom systems.

Features
  • Structured and informed report from selecting 3 most promising applications of CL in communication satellites and 2 hardware platforms
  • Code for running a complete onboard CL process for both hardware platforms
  • Report containing technology gaps and future roadmap for CL in SatCom systems

System Architecture
The 3 CL applications identified in the project are implemented for two hardware platforms of very different architectures (KP Labs Leopard DPU and BrainChip Akida neuromorphic computer). For each application and platform, there is a complete CL pipeline architecture proposed from data preprocessing to onboard continual learning.

Current status
The 3 most promising applications of continual machine learning in communication satellites have been identified, i.e., domain-incremental beam hopping optimization, task-incremental inter-satellite links routing, and class-incremental telemetry anomaly classification.

For each application, a state-of-the-art CL approach has been implemented for two diverse hardware platforms identified as the most promising ones for CL (KP Labs Leopar
d DPU and BrainChip Akida neuromorphic computer). The performance of each CL approach has been assessed and main technology gaps have been identified.

documentation​

Documentation may be requested

Prime Contractor​


KP Labs Sp. z o. o.

Poland
https://kplabs.space

Subcontractors​


OHB HELLAS

Greece
Website

Eutelsat OneWeb (OW)

United Kingdom
https://oneweb.net/

Last update
2025-05-03 12:39






PROJECT
4 min read

BOLERO: On-Board Continual Learning for SatCom Systems​

671a26c9c1e140d22e18bc6c_Bolero-4-1280x480.jpg

Published on
January 28, 2025

In an era of exponentially increasing data generation across all domains, satellite communications (SatCom) systems are no exception. The innovative BOLERO project, led by KP Labs, and supported by a consortium including OHB Hellas and Eutelsat OneWeb, is at the forefront of this technological evolution. This project is making significant strides in applying both classic and deep machine learning (ML and DL) techniques within the dynamic realm of satellite data, marking a transformative step in SatCom technology.

Understanding the Need for Continual Learning in SatCom​

Traditionally, satellite applications have relied on supervised ML algorithms trained offline, with all training data prepared before the training process begins. This method is effective in stable data scenarios. For example, a deep learning model can accurately identify brain tumor lesions from magnetic resonance images after being trained on a diverse dataset. However, the dynamic space environment presents unique challenges. Factors such as thermal noise, atmospheric conditions, and on-board noise can significantly alter data characteristics, causing these offline-trained models to struggle or fail when encounteringnew, unfamiliar data distributions.

The BOLERO Approach​

BOLERO addresses these challenges by adopting an online training paradigm. The training process is shifted directly to the target environment, such as an edge device on a satellite. This innovative approach bypasses the need for downlinking large amounts of data for Earth-based retraining, overcoming bandwidth and time limitations. Training models in their deployment environment accelerate the training-to-deployment cycle and significantly improve model reliability under dynamic conditions.

Tackling New Challenges​

Implementing continual learning brings its own challenges, including catastrophic forgetting, where models may lose previously acquired knowledge. Additionally, the stability-plasticity dilemma must be addressed to ensure models are adaptable and capable of retaining learned information. BOLERO tackles these issues through strategies such as task-incremental learning, allowing models to adapt to new tasks, and domain-incremental learning, enabling them to handle data with evolving distributions.

675ad5f84ea8fcd9e26cf449_675ad5ef1c1b27f038818ca9_bolero-2-1.jpeg

The Consortium’s Collaborative Dynamics in BOLERO


The BOLERO project is propelled by the synergistic efforts of its consortium members. As the project leader, KP Labs is primarily responsible for developing the Synthetic Data Generators (SDGs) and the continual learning models, ensuring their efficacy across multiple SatCom applications and hardware architectures. OHB Hellas contributes by exploring novel machine learning methodologies suitable for streaming data, assessing continual learning applications in and beyond the space sector, and implementing two use cases in different hardware modalities. Eutelsat OneWeb focuses on identifying strategic space-based applications for continual learning, evaluating their business impact, and analyzing the benefits of continual learning models, particularly in terms of performance and cost-efficiency. Together, these entities combine their unique strengths to advance the BOLERO project, addressing the evolving demands of SatCom systems.

Real-World Applications and Future Impact​

The applications of BOLERO are diverse, ranging from monitoring the operational capabilities of space devices to gas-level sensing and object detection in satellite imagery. These applications highlight the potential of continual learning to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of SatCom systems, potentially revolutionizing the management and processing of satellite data for more responsive, agile, and efficient operations.

The BOLERO project, led by KP Labs and supported by a consortium including OHB Hellas and Eutelsat OneWeb, represents a groundbreaking step in harnessing the full potential of continual learning for SatCom systems. By confronting the unique challenges associated with satellite data and leveraging the latest in ML technology, BOLERO is poised to significantly improve the adaptability and efficiency of SatCom systems, setting a new standard in the field of satellite communications.


The other promising hardware platform being tested is KPLabs’ own Leopard DPU: https://www.kplabs.space/solutions/hardware/leopard

View attachment 83667


AA7C9EFA-9D2F-46D7-A92C-64C57B70DAEB.jpeg
456E5BCC-BD7F-4C2B-9550-6EA859798731.jpeg
7DAFCB4E-6F3E-4DD7-B7E0-F9FF627DDE15.jpeg
 
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CWP

Regular
why does a share consolidation hurt shareholders. pie is still the same size.
Because it would need to be like a 25-1 consolidation and they would issue a heap more shares at the same time to raise capital
Fyi - I had placed a number of enquires to my Australian super fund over the past few weeks linked to transferring to SMSF etc if BRN BOD confirm intent to redomicile to US stock exchange. It was a-bit like calling Telstra a few times and getting slightly different responses so went with emails only so they replied via email (recorded)

In short, AustralianSuper does not offer in-specie transfers.

That means no transfers to other retail or industry or SMSF. I also assume other Australian super funds would be exactly the same stance with retail shareholders”

This would mean pending what price you purchased compared to current price then you may be a solid negative value if forced to sell due to redomicile (no duel listing)

If you have BRN shares currently in SMSF then it appears nothing to worry about compared to shareholders who have BRN shares in a Australian super fund (retail or industry by the looks of it)

———————————————————-

I did get a good reply from Tony Dawe a few weeks ago and he replied with this (removed a couple of sentences at start (And Sean was cc)I This was also due to my original email I had cc Sean into the email when sent to tony for a reply)

Most of Tony’s reply is captured below, word for word”. I assume Tony wouldn’t mind given its general wording and doesn’t appear to be personalised information”

“Your position is not dissimilar to other shareholders who have contacted me since Brainchip announced it was investigating a redomiciling to the US, and who have articulated similar issues regard their shareholding in Australian Index linked super funds.

As I have repeatedly stated to other shareholders, the process of investigating the process of redomiciling does not mean that the Board has formally decided to redomicile to the US.

I don’t want to presume what the Board will choose to do, so at present we must wait to see what happens and allow the Directors to conclude their deliberations.

Such an important and strategic decision will not happen without allowing time for consultation and to gather feedback from our shareholders.

We expect this important issue will be discussed at length at the AGM in May and these discussions will be helpful to the Board in making an informed and balanced decision.

The Board is interested in gaining feedback and insights from our shareholders, and I am passing on all the feedback I receive from shareholders to ensure the Board gets to hear the full spectrum of opinions, both positive and negative.

Be assured that the specific issues regarding your super fund and its restrictions on foreign domiciled equities have already been raised by me with our CFO Ken Scarince, who is spearheading our investigation into redomiciling.

Your views, and the views of all shareholders who express an opinion on the matter, will be shared with the Board and if the Board decides to proceed with the decision to redomicile, you and all shareholders will be afforded an opportunity to vote on the matter.

At the end of the day the Board must act in the best interests of shareholders and do what it believes will deliver the best outcome for the future of the Company”
————————————————————-

Also as FYI, I really wanted to go the AGM on Tuesday 6/5 I’m Sydney to chat more with BRN management team but unfortunately I will not be able to attend in person. I have attended the last few years in person. I will be attending online though and post questions for BRN BOD to r hopefully respond to. I hope all attendees post really good questions to the BRN BOD and Sean.

However, I do recall again at last AGM that there a number of questions left unanswered or put on notice but don’t recall BRN providing offical responses back for attendees to review.

Cheers
Thankyou For you reply,
My shares are in fact in Australian Super also so I guess I’ll be selling them sooner rather than later.. at a loss unfortunately.

The AGM will hopefully shed some light on this 5 year plan and more detail on current engagements. No doubt it will be high jacked by questions on moving to the US to a degree but I sincerely hope that we are afforded the insight, without divulging detail, on where we “actually” stand in our commercial journey.

Partnerships are great but no business survives on minimal income and massive overheads forever.
 
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Labsy

Regular
Okey-dokey wrote:
There must be a catalyst which has changed the timeframe, it is the boards responsibility to disclose this voluntarily. I would hope that at very least we are provided a broad stroke update on this in Sean's address.... "

I agree there must be a catalyst, but whether there is a responsibility for the board to disclose it is beyond my pay grade. I am not a corporate lawyer.
So whether the board should disclose or not will not be addressed by me. You may be right OD.


However, as to the catalyst which has changed there certainly are some possibilities that have surfaced in the past year. In my mind a catalyst may be a specific deep pocketed company which has become most interested in Brainchips technology in the past year.

Large companies such as Airbus, and RTX come to mind. Both have demonstrated an interest, or partners they work with (Neurobus + Airbus) have.
But, Brainchip isn't seeking to redomicile to France are they? And Frances market is significantly larger than Australia's. So what about that catalyst?

I propose that a company like RTX is significant enough and potential contract(s) lucrative enough for RTX to be that catalyst. But is contracting with a large US defense contractor like rolling out of bed, ....or easy? I think not. And if RTX tells Brainchip if they can move their ass over here (America) quickly RTX could be the sugar daddy whose potential contract funds Brainchip for five years +/-. Now where have I heard that line before?
Oh, yeah,...Antonio Vianna, .....Chairman of the Board. Ahhhh, ....Never mind him, he was probably just blowing smoke to shut people up.

Now, does anyone here think if RTX was interested in giving Brainchip a long term contract or take a minority interest in the Brainchip company that RTX would announce such a thing publicly? Well, I don't.

But what I do believe is the Antonio was revealing some truth when he did as Bravo' new best friend, her chatbot, suggested.....reveal something, anything to perhaps reflect that the company is close, REAL close to busting the big one,.....and the defense contractors *** in the USA are very interested in Brainchips technology (imo). And we know the RTX is dipping their toe in the Brainchip pool. Perhaps, they would jump in all the way if just a few more conditions that MUST BE MET are met. Like maybe redomiciling to the US for meeting RTX and US government regulations related to defense or top secret work.

Who knows. I don't know. Maybe no one knows. But our key exec's know some things. That much I know.

I stand with Brainchip and their executive team.

Regards, dippY

*** or Anduril (about 15 minutes drive from Brainchips office)
or NASA
or Boeing
or .....
Anduril! Yeah! Was thinking the same.
For those who are not familiar, they should look this up. They just ousted Microsoft from defense for VR technology in defence amongst providing advanced drones etc etc ....
 
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You don't need to sell and rebuy. You can do an in-specie transfer, which if you do it at a lower price than purchased may even give you a slight tax advantage.


My Super fund must be wrong then because I asked and they said I would have to sell them. I can't transfer them.

SC
 
Okey-dokey wrote:
There must be a catalyst which has changed the timeframe, it is the boards responsibility to disclose this voluntarily. I would hope that at very least we are provided a broad stroke update on this in Sean's address.... "

I agree there must be a catalyst, but whether there is a responsibility for the board to disclose it is beyond my pay grade. I am not a corporate lawyer.
So whether the board should disclose or not will not be addressed by me. You may be right OD.


However, as to the catalyst which has changed there certainly are some possibilities that have surfaced in the past year. In my mind a catalyst may be a specific deep pocketed company which has become most interested in Brainchips technology in the past year.

Large companies such as Airbus, and RTX come to mind. Both have demonstrated an interest, or partners they work with (Neurobus + Airbus) have.
But, Brainchip isn't seeking to redomicile to France are they? And Frances market is significantly larger than Australia's. So what about that catalyst?

I propose that a company like RTX is significant enough and potential contract(s) lucrative enough for RTX to be that catalyst. But is contracting with a large US defense contractor like rolling out of bed, ....or easy? I think not. And if RTX tells Brainchip if they can move their ass over here (America) quickly RTX could be the sugar daddy whose potential contract funds Brainchip for five years +/-. Now where have I heard that line before?
Oh, yeah,...Antonio Vianna, .....Chairman of the Board. Ahhhh, ....Never mind him, he was probably just blowing smoke to shut people up.

Now, does anyone here think if RTX was interested in giving Brainchip a long term contract or take a minority interest in the Brainchip company that RTX would announce such a thing publicly? Well, I don't.

But what I do believe is the Antonio was revealing some truth when he did as Bravo' new best friend, her chatbot, suggested.....reveal something, anything to perhaps reflect that the company is close, REAL close to busting the big one,.....and the defense contractors *** in the USA are very interested in Brainchips technology (imo). And we know the RTX is dipping their toe in the Brainchip pool. Perhaps, they would jump in all the way if just a few more conditions that MUST BE MET are met. Like maybe redomiciling to the US for meeting RTX and US government regulations related to defense or top secret work.

Who knows. I don't know. Maybe no one knows. But our key exec's know some things. That much I know.

I stand with Brainchip and their executive team.

Regards, dippY

*** or Anduril (about 15 minutes drive from Brainchips office)
or NASA
or Boeing
or .....
I agree with you dippY22 that engagements along the lines of those you outline seem to be the most probable catalyst. For every line of reasoning I have gone down these continue to remain the most likely. Assuming the water tight NDA and obvious security requirements around these types of engagements I wouldn’t expect anything to be able to be released to market.

However perhaps this would be a time where actions could speak louder than words. Something along the lines of the board suspending performance bonuses and awarding of RSU's until revenue of $xxx was achieved.

If this move is indeed to satisfy the contractual requirements of one of these types of partners and we are that close. Then a pause in bonuses by the board, knowing what is coming would not be unreasonable, in my opinion. It would certainly speak volumes and go a long way to rebuilding trust for me.
 
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Because it would need to be like a 25-1 consolidation and they would issue a heap more shares at the same time to raise capital
If we join as a 3rd tier company on the nasdaq then the requirement is $1 USD per share so 5-1 if the share price gets to 0.3 au. Information about 3rd tier supplied by other so can’t confirm if this information is correct. But still not good but loads better than 25-1. So maybe I good announcement with $$$ value then no consolidation I recon
 
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HopalongPetrovski

I'm Spartacus!
If we join as a 3rd tier company on the nasdaq then the requirement is $1 USD per share so 5-1 if the share price gets to 0.3 au. Information about 3rd tier supplied by other so can’t confirm if this information is correct. But still not good but loads better than 25-1. So maybe I good announcement with $$$ value then no consolidation I recon
What are the tiers of the Nasdaq market?

The Nasdaq Stock Market has three distinctive tiers: The Nasdaq Global Select Market®, The Nasdaq Global Market® and The Nasdaq Capital Market®. Applicants must satisfy certain financial, liquidity and corporate governance requirements to be approved for listing on any of these market tiers.

What Is the Nasdaq Capital Market?

The Nasdaq Capital Market is one of Nasdaq's U.S. market tiers containing early-stage companies that have relatively lower market capitalizations. Listing requirements for companies on the Nasdaq Capital Market are less stringent than for the two other Nasdaq market tiers, which focus on larger companies with higher market capitalization.


KEY TAKEAWAYS

  • The Nasdaq Capital Market (Nasdaq-CM) is one of three listing tiers on the Nasdaq exchange, specifically for companies that need to raise capital.
  • Companies listed here may be small companies with a need to grow capital or shell corporations designed to raise capital in public markets for the purpose of acquiring other business entities.
  • Companies that don't qualify for the Nasdaq National Market trade on Nasdaq-CM.
  • Nasdaq Capital Market companies are required to meet a net income standard of at least $750,000, a minimum public float of 1,000,000 shares, at least 300 shareholders, and a share bid price of at least $4 (with certain exceptions).

Understanding the Nasdaq Capital Market​

The Nasdaq Capital Market, known until 2005 as the Nasdaq SmallCap Market, primarily lists so-called small-cap stocks (typically those with market capitalizations of around $300 million to $2 billion). The name change reflected a shift in focus towards listing companies that need to raise capital. It's meant to be a less encumbered entrance for a smaller company or a Special Purpose Acquisition Company (SPAC) to capitalize and grow through a Nasdaq listing.12


Although the initial listing requirements are relaxed, the corporate governancerequired to maintain a Nasdaq listing is the same across all tiers. This means Nasdaq Capital Market companies must have a code of conduct, an audit committee, independent directors, and so on.3



Listing Requirements for the Nasdaq Capital Market​

The Nasdaq Capital Market makes it easier for early-stage companies to get listed, especially when compared to other senior exchanges with more onerous requirements. To list initially on the Nasdaq Capital Market, companies must meet all of the criteria under at least one of three listing standards—the equity standard, the market value of listed securities standard, or the net income standard.


All the standards share some requirements such as one million publicly held shares, 300 shareholders, and three market makers (MMs). However, these also differ in important ways. The equity standard requires stockholders' equity of $5 million, where the other two require only $4 million, and it also requires an operating history of two years, while the other two do not require an operating history.


The market value of listed securities requires a market value of listed securities of $50 million and a market value of publicly held shares of $15 million. The net income standard is the only one requiring a net income, $750,000 in the latest fiscal year or in two of the last three years, but has the lowest requirement for market value of publicly held shares at $5 million.4

Nasdaq. “5500. The Nasdaq Capital Market.”



Although companies can pick the standard that best fits their situation, the listing standards and the required governance are more stringent than some early-phase capital markets. Because of the costs involved with meeting these standards, companies listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market often handily exceed the minimum requirements before they decide to list.5
 
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TECH

Regular


I'd assume the Brainchip team have or will be arriving in Sydney for their Monday morning meeting prior to the AGM on Tuesday, it's
important that they unite and are all on the same page before heading into the Lions Den!!

Some may agree with my choice of theme music...:ROFLMAO::ROFLMAO::ROFLMAO::geek:
 
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manny100

Top 20
I strongly disagree with your optimism...

BrainChip’s revenue remains negligible despite years of hype including supposed engagements with NASA, Mercedes, Ford, Valeo, and others EAPs... These "exciting" connections, even after developing new products based on apparent customers feedbacks, haven’t translated into meaningful sales. If we were truly engaged with multiple companies during the development, where’s the IP deals? Where's the revenue from engineering support or services? The financials show no traction, no one putting money on where their mouth is...

Management’s communication is abysmal - the abrupt redomiciling announcement with zero explanation is just the latest example.

We need a clear plan and answers on why sales keep failing. First contract in 2020, second in 2021, third in 2024—all for Akida 1.0 and no apparent royalties from the ones with MegaChips/Renesas. Why no material progress?

Shareholders deserve transparency and results, it's been years... not days or months or quarters...

I just hope they don't start talking about Akida 3 4 5 and start saying that the plan was to market them and was all expected and going well......

Dyor imo only
Have you asked BRN whether they still have a commercial relationship with Marquee clients?
I have and a commercial relationship still exists..
They list the Marquee clients on the 'Why invest' part of the website and it has been pointed to them that if there is a change it must be reflected immediately for legal reasons.
Have you done some research about how long new and complex technology takes to be I produced into safety regulated autos and health?
Some posters use the word transperancy but never say precisely what it is.
Do you have a precise list of issues where you see there is a lack of transparency on? They cannot be dealt with unless precisely identified.
From time to time I ask questions for clarification and yes, I fish for Information on occasions like others do. Sometimes I get an answer and sometimes due to NDA's, competitive reasons etc I do not get a answer.
They did in fact provide their reasons for a redomicile in the Ann.
For perspective BRN is still a spec stock.
 
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manny100

Top 20
Because it would need to be like a 25-1 consolidation and they would issue a heap more shares at the same time to raise capital

Thankyou For you reply,
My shares are in fact in Australian Super also so I guess I’ll be selling them sooner rather than later.. at a loss unfortunately.

The AGM will hopefully shed some light on this 5 year plan and more detail on current engagements. No doubt it will be high jacked by questions on moving to the US to a degree but I sincerely hope that we are afforded the insight, without divulging detail, on where we “actually” stand in our commercial journey.

Partnerships are great but no business survives on minimal income and massive overheads forever.
I think it will be difficult for BRN to get a 75% vote to redomicile if a majority of retail holders vote.
Around 74% of SOI is held by retailers.
BRN would need to provide significant incentive to holders to get a yes vote through IMO. That would likely involve a deal or 2 which give the SP a decent push along.
Sean did say in the Quarterly he expected a substantial increase in booking this year.
Watch for a significant placement to a US industry participant prior to a meeting (if there is one)..
 
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Slade

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I’m not gonna lie. I need Sean to present something at the AGM to convince me that deals and revenue are coming this year. Antonio deflecting criticism by telling shareholders that one big deal with a tech giant will make us profitable over night is not going to go down well this year.
 
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I'd assume the Brainchip team have or will be arriving in Sydney for their Monday morning meeting prior to the AGM on Tuesday, it's
important that they unite and are all on the same page before heading into the Lions Den!!

Some may agree with my choice of theme music...:ROFLMAO::ROFLMAO::ROFLMAO::geek:

 
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Bravo

If ARM was an arm, BRN would be its biceps💪!
2fc1d047ab75c3afc81edd36aa1831cf142543bae7e3b9368c0669e92d630375_SWELL_HIGH.gif






Published April 29, 2025

How Beken Leverages Arm to Pioneer Low-Power AI and Wireless Connectivity​

Beken Corp.'s BK7259 chip, featuring Arm's Ethos-U65 NPU and Cortex-M cores, transforms smart devices with low-power AI processing and seamless wireless connectivity.
By Arm Editorial Team
Artificial Intelligence (AI)Internet of Things (IoT)
Share
Reading time 6 min
GettyImages-1148594048-1400x788.jpg

Imagine a smart door lock that recognizes your face in under 200 milliseconds—securely, locally, and without draining battery life. That’s just one-fifth of a second—virtually instant to the human eye. Or AI toys that respond in real time using natural voice interactions. At the heart of these breakthroughs is Beken Corp.’s latest chip, the BK7259, a powerhouse of ultra-low power AI processing built for the edge.

A global leader in wireless connectivity and Wi-Fi microcontrollers, Beken is pushing the boundaries of what’s possible in smart devices, leveraging Arm’s Ethos-U65 NPU and Cortex-M cores.


As AI and IoT converge, Beken isn’t just adapting—it’s shaping the future of intelligent connectivity.

Beken’s AI Edge Apps Feature Low Power Consumption​

Headquartered in Shanghai, China, Beken is a leading innovator in Wi-Fi microcontrollers (MCUs) and wireless connectivity for IoT. With expertise in RF-CMOS design and digital signal processing, Beken delivers high-performance, low-power SoC solutions that drive next-generation connected devices.
Serving global leaders like Amazon, AT&T, LG, Samsung, and Sony, Beken generates over 1 billion RMB in annual revenue and holds a dominant market share in IoT Wi-Fi and China’s national ETC standard chips, shaping the future of wireless technology.
Recognizing the growing demand for AI-driven edge applications, Beken has expanded into smart devices and intelligent systems. Its latest innovation, the BK7259, integrates multiple Ethos-U65 NPU and Arm Cortex-M cores, delivering fast, efficient AI processing for edge applications.



A key differentiator of the BK7259 is its industry-leading low power consumption. Its Wi-Fi keep-alive mode draws less than 50 microamps, setting a world record for efficiency. This advancement enables battery-powered, always-connected AI devices, making edge AI more viable than ever. Beken also capitalizes on Arm’s robust AI ecosystem, utilizing CMSIS-NN and the Vela compiler to streamline AI model deployment and accelerate solution development.
As AI and IoT continue to converge, Beken remains at the forefront of innovation, enabling scalable, power-efficient AI solutions that drive the future of intelligent connectivity.

Empowering Development with Arm’s Ecosystem​

Beken’s adoption of the Ethos-U65 NPU has been pivotal, offering access to open-source algorithms and AI development tools. The broad Arm developer ecosystem provides extensive support, enabling Beken to optimize AI workloads efficiently. The growing open-source AI community further enhances development by fostering collaboration and innovation at the edge.

Optimizing AI Inference for Smart Devices and Intelligent Systems​

One critical AI function in smart devices is real-time audio processing. Tasks like echo cancellation, noise suppression, and environmental noise filtering require both accuracy and efficiency. With the Ethos-U65 and Arm’s inference library, Beken optimizes these functions for low-power, real-time execution.
Beken has also prioritized RTOS (Real-Time Operating Systems) over traditional Linux-based AI processing because of its potential for enabling efficient, low-latency applications.

Balancing Power Efficiency with High-Performance AI​

Balancing performance and power efficiency is one of AI’s biggest challenges—especially at the edge. Beken has tackled this head-on by focusing on low-power, high-performance solutions like the BK7259.
Built on a dual-domain AI architecture, the BK7259 combines the efficient M52 core for lightweight tasks and the high-performance M55+U65 for more demanding AI workloads. Unlike typical market configurations, this setup includes the advanced U65 NPU, delivering robust processing power for complex neural networks.
This architecture allows for flexible workload allocation—for example, routing low-power audio tasks to the M52 and running video analytics on the M55+U65—while enabling hierarchical wake-up strategies to reduce both idle and active power consumption. The result: a solution that meets the strict performance and energy demands of modern edge AI.
By integrating low-power Wi-Fi transceivers with AI compute, the BK7259 ensures real-time AI execution with minimal energy impact, making it an ideal platform for next-generation edge intelligence.

Leveraging Wireless Expertise for Smarter Devices​

Beken’s expertise in Wi-Fi connectivity has played a critical role in its expansion into robotics. The company has developed Wi-Fi 4 to Wi-Fi 6E solutions that provide reliable connectivity while maintaining low power consumption.
For IoT applications, stable wireless connectivity is essential for real-time data transmission and processing. Beken optimizes system-level operations to ensure reliable AI-driven decision-making while minimizing energy consumption.

Robust Security Architecture​

The Beken system achieves PSA Certified Level 2 by implementing a multi-layered security strategy built on Arm TrustZone technology. This creates a hardware-isolated secure processing environment, further strengthened by dedicated components such as a Crypto Accelerator for efficient encryption and PUF OTP for generating unique device keys and secure storage.
To ensure a standardized and robust security foundation, we use Trusted Firmware-M (TF-M), Arm’s open-source secure OS implementation. Together, these integrated hardware and software features enable our platform to meet the rigorous requirements of PSA Certified Level 2.

Balancing Edge Processing and Cloud Connectivity for AI Applications​

Beken’s shift from IoT chip design to AI-driven smart devices presented several technical challenges, including hardware-software integration, low power consumption, and seamless cloud connectivity. AI applications require a balance between edge processing and cloud resources, ensuring reliability and minimal latency.
For example, smart locks with AI-powered facial recognition need real-time local processing rather than relying on cloud servers. The BK7259’s integration of the Ethos-U65 NPU enables fast, energy-efficient authentication, providing high-speed recognition without compromising security.

Real-World AI Applications Powered by Beken​

Beken’s chips power a range of AI-driven applications, showcasing the fusion of AI, wireless connectivity, and power efficiency in next-generation smart devices.
  • AI Toys – Interactive smart toys, from interactive robots to talking action figures, combine cloud and edge AI to deliver rich, multimodal experiences blending voice recognition with visual understanding. These toys can “think” on their own—processing voice interaction on the device side with ultra-low latency, making toys truly “understand and speak”.
  • Smart Door Locks – Advanced facial recognition enables local authentication in under 200 milliseconds. Powered by the Ethos-U65 NPU for fast face detection and a dedicated ISP for clear imaging in low-light conditions, the system also features an H.264 codec for efficient video compression, plus a 2.5D GPU and DPU for high-quality graphical displays. Together, these components ensure smooth video streaming and responsive user interaction.
These use cases demonstrate how Beken’s technology brings intelligent, efficient performance to everyday AI applications.

The Future of AI and IoT​

Beken envisions a future where smart devices transition from basic remote-control functions to intelligent, autonomous interactions. AI will play a greater role in automating decision-making, reducing user intervention, and enhancing smart home experiences.
To achieve this, Beken is developing a comprehensive range of Wi-Fi microcontrollers, from simple control units to AI-intensive processing cores. These solutions will drive seamless AI integration in home automation, predictive maintenance, and next-generation smart appliances.

Driving AI Innovation in Partnership with Arm​

Beken’s partnership with Arm has been instrumental in its AI evolution. Arm’s power-efficient CPU and NPU architectures, coupled with its extensive AI software ecosystem, have provided a strong foundation for edge AI innovation.
One key advantage is Arm’s investment in RTOS for edge AI applications, which aligns with Beken’s long-term vision. As AI at the edge continues to advance, Arm’s ongoing innovation in power-efficient AI computing will further enhance Beken’s capabilities and accelerate industry-wide adoption.

Advancing Edge AI with Power-Efficient Computing​

Beken’s journey from wireless connectivity to AI-driven applications highlights the importance of power-efficient, high-performance computing. By leveraging Arm’s ecosystem, optimized semiconductor IP, and advanced AI processing, Beken is pushing the boundaries of what’s possible in smart devices and IoT.
As edge AI adoption continues to grow, Beken remains committed to developing AI-powered solutions that balance energy efficiency, performance, and intelligent automation—ushering in the next era of smart connectivity and AI innovation.
Author
 
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Bravo

If ARM was an arm, BRN would be its biceps💪!
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HopalongPetrovski

I'm Spartacus!
I’m not gonna lie. I need Sean to present something at the AGM to convince me that deals and revenue are coming this year. Antonio deflecting criticism by telling shareholders that one big deal with a tech giant will make us profitable over night is not going to go down well this year.
I think general sentiment is turning against the management.
There have always been people critical and others urging patience, but that very patience is wearing thin now, for many, myself included.
In the last few AGM's they have managed to retain support with various exhortations that revenue was coming and just hang on a bit longer and we'll all be rewarded.
But this time, if it's just more generalised motherhood statements and razzle dazzle techno pop, with more "look what we've got to sell" stuff, I don't think that'll cut it.
They need to start proving they can perform commercially or at the least show us they have a viable plan to get there.
I understand its a tough business and takes time but, it is a business, after all, and businesses that cannot eventually support themselves, tend to fail.
 
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mcm

Regular
View attachment 83684





Published April 29, 2025

How Beken Leverages Arm to Pioneer Low-Power AI and Wireless Connectivity​

Beken Corp.'s BK7259 chip, featuring Arm's Ethos-U65 NPU and Cortex-M cores, transforms smart devices with low-power AI processing and seamless wireless connectivity.
By Arm Editorial Team
Artificial Intelligence (AI)Internet of Things (IoT)
Share
Reading time 6 min
GettyImages-1148594048-1400x788.jpg

Imagine a smart door lock that recognizes your face in under 200 milliseconds—securely, locally, and without draining battery life. That’s just one-fifth of a second—virtually instant to the human eye. Or AI toys that respond in real time using natural voice interactions. At the heart of these breakthroughs is Beken Corp.’s latest chip, the BK7259, a powerhouse of ultra-low power AI processing built for the edge.

A global leader in wireless connectivity and Wi-Fi microcontrollers, Beken is pushing the boundaries of what’s possible in smart devices, leveraging Arm’s Ethos-U65 NPU and Cortex-M cores.


As AI and IoT converge, Beken isn’t just adapting—it’s shaping the future of intelligent connectivity.

Beken’s AI Edge Apps Feature Low Power Consumption​

Headquartered in Shanghai, China, Beken is a leading innovator in Wi-Fi microcontrollers (MCUs) and wireless connectivity for IoT. With expertise in RF-CMOS design and digital signal processing, Beken delivers high-performance, low-power SoC solutions that drive next-generation connected devices.
Serving global leaders like Amazon, AT&T, LG, Samsung, and Sony, Beken generates over 1 billion RMB in annual revenue and holds a dominant market share in IoT Wi-Fi and China’s national ETC standard chips, shaping the future of wireless technology.
Recognizing the growing demand for AI-driven edge applications, Beken has expanded into smart devices and intelligent systems. Its latest innovation, the BK7259, integrates multiple Ethos-U65 NPU and Arm Cortex-M cores, delivering fast, efficient AI processing for edge applications.



A key differentiator of the BK7259 is its industry-leading low power consumption. Its Wi-Fi keep-alive mode draws less than 50 microamps, setting a world record for efficiency. This advancement enables battery-powered, always-connected AI devices, making edge AI more viable than ever. Beken also capitalizes on Arm’s robust AI ecosystem, utilizing CMSIS-NN and the Vela compiler to streamline AI model deployment and accelerate solution development.
As AI and IoT continue to converge, Beken remains at the forefront of innovation, enabling scalable, power-efficient AI solutions that drive the future of intelligent connectivity.

Empowering Development with Arm’s Ecosystem​

Beken’s adoption of the Ethos-U65 NPU has been pivotal, offering access to open-source algorithms and AI development tools. The broad Arm developer ecosystem provides extensive support, enabling Beken to optimize AI workloads efficiently. The growing open-source AI community further enhances development by fostering collaboration and innovation at the edge.

Optimizing AI Inference for Smart Devices and Intelligent Systems​

One critical AI function in smart devices is real-time audio processing. Tasks like echo cancellation, noise suppression, and environmental noise filtering require both accuracy and efficiency. With the Ethos-U65 and Arm’s inference library, Beken optimizes these functions for low-power, real-time execution.
Beken has also prioritized RTOS (Real-Time Operating Systems) over traditional Linux-based AI processing because of its potential for enabling efficient, low-latency applications.

Balancing Power Efficiency with High-Performance AI​

Balancing performance and power efficiency is one of AI’s biggest challenges—especially at the edge. Beken has tackled this head-on by focusing on low-power, high-performance solutions like the BK7259.
Built on a dual-domain AI architecture, the BK7259 combines the efficient M52 core for lightweight tasks and the high-performance M55+U65 for more demanding AI workloads. Unlike typical market configurations, this setup includes the advanced U65 NPU, delivering robust processing power for complex neural networks.
This architecture allows for flexible workload allocation—for example, routing low-power audio tasks to the M52 and running video analytics on the M55+U65—while enabling hierarchical wake-up strategies to reduce both idle and active power consumption. The result: a solution that meets the strict performance and energy demands of modern edge AI.
By integrating low-power Wi-Fi transceivers with AI compute, the BK7259 ensures real-time AI execution with minimal energy impact, making it an ideal platform for next-generation edge intelligence.

Leveraging Wireless Expertise for Smarter Devices​

Beken’s expertise in Wi-Fi connectivity has played a critical role in its expansion into robotics. The company has developed Wi-Fi 4 to Wi-Fi 6E solutions that provide reliable connectivity while maintaining low power consumption.
For IoT applications, stable wireless connectivity is essential for real-time data transmission and processing. Beken optimizes system-level operations to ensure reliable AI-driven decision-making while minimizing energy consumption.

Robust Security Architecture​

The Beken system achieves PSA Certified Level 2 by implementing a multi-layered security strategy built on Arm TrustZone technology. This creates a hardware-isolated secure processing environment, further strengthened by dedicated components such as a Crypto Accelerator for efficient encryption and PUF OTP for generating unique device keys and secure storage.
To ensure a standardized and robust security foundation, we use Trusted Firmware-M (TF-M), Arm’s open-source secure OS implementation. Together, these integrated hardware and software features enable our platform to meet the rigorous requirements of PSA Certified Level 2.

Balancing Edge Processing and Cloud Connectivity for AI Applications​

Beken’s shift from IoT chip design to AI-driven smart devices presented several technical challenges, including hardware-software integration, low power consumption, and seamless cloud connectivity. AI applications require a balance between edge processing and cloud resources, ensuring reliability and minimal latency.
For example, smart locks with AI-powered facial recognition need real-time local processing rather than relying on cloud servers. The BK7259’s integration of the Ethos-U65 NPU enables fast, energy-efficient authentication, providing high-speed recognition without compromising security.

Real-World AI Applications Powered by Beken​

Beken’s chips power a range of AI-driven applications, showcasing the fusion of AI, wireless connectivity, and power efficiency in next-generation smart devices.
  • AI Toys – Interactive smart toys, from interactive robots to talking action figures, combine cloud and edge AI to deliver rich, multimodal experiences blending voice recognition with visual understanding. These toys can “think” on their own—processing voice interaction on the device side with ultra-low latency, making toys truly “understand and speak”.
  • Smart Door Locks – Advanced facial recognition enables local authentication in under 200 milliseconds. Powered by the Ethos-U65 NPU for fast face detection and a dedicated ISP for clear imaging in low-light conditions, the system also features an H.264 codec for efficient video compression, plus a 2.5D GPU and DPU for high-quality graphical displays. Together, these components ensure smooth video streaming and responsive user interaction.
These use cases demonstrate how Beken’s technology brings intelligent, efficient performance to everyday AI applications.

The Future of AI and IoT​

Beken envisions a future where smart devices transition from basic remote-control functions to intelligent, autonomous interactions. AI will play a greater role in automating decision-making, reducing user intervention, and enhancing smart home experiences.
To achieve this, Beken is developing a comprehensive range of Wi-Fi microcontrollers, from simple control units to AI-intensive processing cores. These solutions will drive seamless AI integration in home automation, predictive maintenance, and next-generation smart appliances.

Driving AI Innovation in Partnership with Arm​

Beken’s partnership with Arm has been instrumental in its AI evolution. Arm’s power-efficient CPU and NPU architectures, coupled with its extensive AI software ecosystem, have provided a strong foundation for edge AI innovation.
One key advantage is Arm’s investment in RTOS for edge AI applications, which aligns with Beken’s long-term vision. As AI at the edge continues to advance, Arm’s ongoing innovation in power-efficient AI computing will further enhance Beken’s capabilities and accelerate industry-wide adoption.

Advancing Edge AI with Power-Efficient Computing​

Beken’s journey from wireless connectivity to AI-driven applications highlights the importance of power-efficient, high-performance computing. By leveraging Arm’s ecosystem, optimized semiconductor IP, and advanced AI processing, Beken is pushing the boundaries of what’s possible in smart devices and IoT.
As edge AI adoption continues to grow, Beken remains committed to developing AI-powered solutions that balance energy efficiency, performance, and intelligent automation—ushering in the next era of smart connectivity and AI innovation.
Author
So does Belen's chip utilise Akida ... or is Beken opposition to Akida?
 
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So does Belen's chip utilise Akida ... or is Beken opposition to Akida?
It fits all BRN story’s with cortex M ext so if it’s not BRN then we have very serious competition beating us at our own game.
 
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Bravo

If ARM was an arm, BRN would be its biceps💪!
So does Belen's chip utilise Akida ... or is Beken opposition to Akida?
Hi mcm,

No. Unfortunately Beken doesn't utilize neuromorphic computing. It uses a more traditional AI approach. It's a SoC combining Arm's Cortex-M cores and Ethos-U65 NPU.

Arm's partnerships with Beken and BrainChip both focus on advancing ultra-low power AI at the edge.

In terms of absolute lowest power consumption, it looks like Beken's solution might be the winner, but it isn't capable of on-chip learning and only seems capable of handling simple NN tasks.

I guess we've lost our lead somewhat, and will likely start to see more competitors at the edge as we move forward.
 
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