Biden’s Groundbreaking E.P.A. Proposal Set to Skyrocket EV Sales and Ignite a Battery Metals Bonanza
Introduction: Groundbreaking Auto Pollution Limits
In a bid to combat climate change and drastically reduce greenhouse gas emissions, the Biden administration is planning to implement some of the most stringent auto pollution limits in the world.
The proposed Environmental Protection Agency (E.P.A.) legislation aims to ensure that all-electric cars account for as much as 67% of new passenger vehicles sold in the United States by 2032, marking a significant increase from the mere 5.8% of vehicles sold last year.
This ambitious proposal would not only exceed President Biden’s earlier goal of having all-electric cars account for half of those sold in the country by 2030 but also make the United States a global leader in the fight against climate change.
Impact on EV Market and Infrastructure
This groundbreaking legislation will have far-reaching effects on the electric vehicle (EV) market and battery metals industry.
The rapid adoption of electric vehicles would require a massive overhaul of infrastructure, including the construction of millions of new EV charging stations, an upgrade of electric grids to accommodate the power needs of those chargers, and securing supplies of minerals and other materials needed for batteries.
Investment Challenges in Mining and Refining
Critical minerals such as lithium, nickel, and graphite are essential for the energy transition, and massive investments in mining and refining are needed to meet the growing demand.
Tesla’s Master Plan estimates a total investment of $3.4 trillion for mining, refining, chemicals, battery production, and Gigafactories, with lithium and graphite requiring the most significant capital expenditures (capex).
However, raising funds for mines remains more challenging than funding Gigafactories, despite both being crucial for the transition.
Balancing the Supply Chain: Addressing the Gigafactory and Mining Investment Discrepancy
The process of building a mine takes approximately ten years, compared to just two years for a Gigafactory.
This discrepancy highlights the need for a more synchronized upstream and downstream supply chain in the face of rapidly increasing demand for electric vehicles.
Conclusion The Path to a Cleaner, Sustainable Future
In conclusion, while the Biden administration’s E.P.A. proposal is set to significantly boost EV sales and ignite a battery metals bonanza, it is crucial to address the challenges and imbalances in the supply chain.
By addressing these challenges and fostering a more balanced investment landscape, the United States can lead the global transition to a cleaner, more sustainable future.
Indonesia to propose limited free trade deal with US on critical minerals
Indonesia will propose a free trade agreement for some minerals shipped to the United States so that companies in the electric vehicle battery supply chain operating in the country can benefit from US tax credits, a senior minister said on Monday.
Washington has issued a new guidance for EV tax credits under the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA), requiring a certain value of battery components to be produced or assembled in North America or a free trade partner.
The rules are aimed at weaning the United States off dependence on China for the development of its EV battery supply chain.
Indonesia does not have a free trade agreement with the United States, but its nickel products have increasingly become important in the supply chain.
The Southeast Asian country has been trying to leverage its nickel reserves, the world’s biggest, to attract investment from battery and EV makers, including US companies such as Tesla and Ford.
Asked about the new IRA guidelines, Indonesian minister Luhut Pandjaitan, who has been spearheading efforts to attract US companies, told a news conference Jakarta will propose a limited free trade agreement (FTA) with Washington.
“We do not have an FTA with them. Now we’re proposing a limited FTA with them,” Luhut said, adding that he would meet with Ford and Tesla executives to discuss the matter when he travels to the United States later this week.
Luhut’s deputy, Septian Hario Seto, said the FTA proposal, which was still at an early stage, will likely be similar to the one the United States has signed with Japan for the critical mineral trade.
The United States and Japan in March agreed on a swiftly negotiated trade deal on EV battery minerals, including lithium, nickel, cobalt, graphite and manganese.
“It’s the same in essence, that for critical minerals there will be free trade with requirements on processing, such as for nickel, aluminium, cobalt, copper,” he said.
Since Indonesia banned exports of nickel ore in 2020, many Chinese companies invested in refining facilities, including high pressure acid leach (HPAL) plants, that produce mixed hydroxide precipitate, a material extracted from nickel ore used in EV batteries.
Last month, Ford signed an agreement with an Indonesian unit of Brazilian nickel miner Vale and China’s Zhejiang Huayou Cobalt to partner in a $4.5 billion HPAL plant in Indonesia’s Sulawesi island.
Luhut led an Indonesian delegate last week on a trip to China to promote investment opportunities.
Seto said officials will hold talks with Chinese EV company BYD Group in May on potential investment. He declined to comment on the progress of talks with Tesla, citing a non-disclosure agreement.
mining.com
Food for thought
Frank
